Vocal pain expression augmentation for a robopatient

Abdominal palpation is one of the basic but important physical examination methods used by physicians. Visual, auditory, and haptic feedback from patients are known to be main sources they use in diagnosis. However, learning interpret this making accurate diagnosis require several years training. Many abdominal training simulators have been proposed date, very limited attempts reported integrating vocal pain expressions into simulators. Here, we present a expression augmentation for robopatient. The robopatient capable providing real-time facial based on exerted force position phantom A pilot study conducted test system, show potential platform has also tested two clinical experts with prior experience palpation. Their evaluations functionality suggestions improvements presented. We highlight advantages as controllable simulator studies. Finally, discuss limitations approach suggest future directions improvements.